Bitcoin: Transaction Validation
- 2025-02
- by Cn Vn
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Validation of transactions: Understand Scriptpubkeys
With regard to Bitcoin transactions, the validation process is an essential aspect to ensure the integrity and safety of the network. One of the key components involved in the validation of transactions is the
scriptpubkey_type
, which determines if a signature scheme such as P2SH (Privatend) or P2PKH (Publickeyhash) must be used.
In this article, we will immerse ourselves in the concept of scriptpubkey_type and explore what is happening when it contains both the script and the signature witness. We will also discuss the implications for the validation of transactions using Segwit (separate witness) as an example.
Scriptpubkeytype: a primer
The scriptpubkey_type is a parameter that determines the signature scheme to be used in a transaction. There are two main types:
- P2SH
(Privatesend): uses private keys, which are encrypted with the public key of the sender.
- P2PKH (Publickeyhash): Use only the public key of the sender as scriptpubkey_type.
For example, in a Bitcoin transaction:
Txidis a unique identifier for the transaction
Vout 'specifies the exit address or the amount to be transferred
- ScriptpubKey_Type
determines if P2SH or P2PKH should be used
Scriptpubkey and witness
Regarding scriptpubkey_type, the signature script
(sigscript) and
witness are involved. The script is a complex data structure which allows more effective storage and execution of transactions, while the witness is an optional component which provides additional information on the state of the transaction.
* Signature script : a type of script that can be used with P2SH or P2PKH.
* Witness : Optional data added to the scripts to provide an additional context, such as transaction horodatages or memory limits.
The impact on the validation of transactions
Now consider what is happening when a transaction input contains both a signature script and a witness in the parameterScriptpubkey_typey. Here's how it could affect validation:
- P2SH : If theScriptpubkey_type
is defined on P2SH with the script and the signature control, the transaction will always be valid, because the private key used for the signature of the transaction is encrypted using the public key of the sender. However, this does not necessarily mean that the transaction will be accepted by the network; It can simply pass validation without being treated.
- P2PKH : If thescriptpubkey_type
is defined on P2PKH with the signature script and the witness, the transaction would not be valid because the private key used for the signature of the transaction does not correspond to the public key of the sender. This could lead to rejection by the network due to validation errors.
Segwit: a special case
As mentioned earlier, Segwit introduced new features that facilitated transactions validation without using P2SH or P2PKH. In these cases, thescriptpubkey_typeis defined on 1 ', which allows more efficient and secure transaction validation.
When you use segwit with scriptpubkey_type 1 (P2K), the signature script and the witness are used in a separate data structure called
Signature Chain . This chain consists of several signatures which check the validity of the transaction, ensuring that the transaction is processed properly without relying on keys or private witnesses.
In summary:
- If a transaction input contains both the signature script and the witness in the scriptpubkey_typeype` P2SH or P2PKH, it can pass validation, but it will not be accepted by the network.
- With Segwit (P2K), transactions can always validate with the help of separate data structures such as the signature chain, guaranteeing effective and secure transaction processing.
Conclusion
Understanding the concept of scriptpubkey_type is essential to validate Bitcoin transactions with precision.
